How can a protected member be accessed?

Protected members in a class are similar to private members as they cannot be accessed from outside the class. But they can be accessed by derived classes or child classes while private members cannot.

Can member functions access protected variables?

Difference between Public and Protected

Public	Protected
The data members and member functions declared public can be accessed by other classes too.	The class member declared as Protected are inaccessible outside the class but they can be accessed by any subclass(derived class) of that class.

Why is the friend function not allowed to access members of a class directly although its body can appear within the class body?

Characteristics of Friend Function in C++ It cannot be invoked using the object as it is not in the scope of that class. Friend functions have objects as arguments. It cannot access the member names directly and has to use dot membership operator and use an object name with the member name.

How can a protected member be accessed Mcq?

Explanation: The protected access modifier is accessible within package and outside the package but only through inheritance. The protected access modifier can be used with data member, method and constructor. It cannot be applied in the class.

Why can’t I access a protected member from a derived class?

A class can only access protected members of instances of this class or a derived class. It cannot access protected members of instances of a parent class or cousin class. In your case, the Derived class can only access the b protected member of Derived instances, not that of Base instances.

What is the difference between private members and protected members?

17 Answers. Private members are only accessible within the class defining them. Protected members are accessible in the class that defines them and in classes that inherit from that class. Edit: Both are also accessible by friends of their class, and in the case of protected members, by friends of their derived classes …

What is public/private and protected as together called?

The keywords public, private, and protected are called access specifiers. A class can have multiple public, protected, or private labeled sections. The default access for members and classes is private.

Which rule will not affect the friend function?

1. Which rule will not affect the friend function? Explanation: Friend is used to access private and protected members of a class from outside the same class. 2.

What members can a friend class access from another class?

Friend Class A friend class can access private and protected members of other class in which it is declared as friend. It is sometimes useful to allow a particular class to access private members of other class. For example, a LinkedList class may be allowed to access private members of Node.

Can protected members be inherited?

Its only difference occurs in fact with inheritance: When a class inherits another one, the members of the derived class can access the protected members inherited from the base class, but not its private members. With protected , all public members of the base class are inherited as protected in the derived class.

Can a non member function access a friend?

However, this rule does not apply to “friends”. Friends are functions or classes declared with the friend keyword. A non-member function can access the private and protected members of a class if it is declared a friend of that class.

Can a friend class access a protected class?

Friend Class A friend class can access private and protected members of other class in which it is declared as friend. It is sometimes useful to allow a particular class to access private members of other class. For example a LinkedList class may be allowed to access private members of Node. private:

Can a private function be accessed from outside a protected class?

In principle, private and protected members of a class cannot be accessed from outside the same class in which they are declared. However, this rule does not apply to “friends”. Friends are functions or classes declared with the friend keyword.

How to access protected members in a derived class?

From http://www.parashift.com/c++-faq-lite/basics-of-inheritance.html#faq-19.5 A member (either data member or member function) declared in a protected section of a class can only be accessed by member functions and friends of that class, and by member functions and friends of derived classes