Is Moraxella catarrhalis and Neisseria?

What is Moraxella catarrhalis? Moraxella catarrhalis (M. catarrhalis) is a type of bacteria that’s also known as Neisseria catarrhalis and Branhamella catarrhalis. It used to be considered a normal part of the human respiratory system, but more recent research shows that can it sometimes causes infections.

How do you distinguish Neisseria species?

Gonochek II is a tube test that is designed to differentiate between Neisseria lactamica, N. meningitidis, N. gonorrhoeae and Moraxella catarrhalis. The enzymes produced by these species are detected in a single test by the production of colored endproducts from colorless substrates.

Which of the following test can be used to differentiate M. catarrhalis from Neisseria spp?

With standard methods of identification, M catarrhalis can be differentiated from Neisseria species by not using sucrose, glucose, maltose, and lactose. Because Neisseria cinerea exhibits the same reaction pattern, the Superoxyl test must be added.

What does Moraxella cause?

A number of common childhood illnesses, including some middle ear (otitis media) and sinus infections (sinusitis), are caused by Moraxella catarrhalis bacteria. On rare occasions, this same organism may cause a blood infection (bacteremia), an eye infection (conjunctivitis), and meningitis in newborns.

How do you prevent Moraxella catarrhalis?

Universal precautions, good hand-washing technique, and sterilization of instruments and tubes used in intubations, aspiration, or invasive procedures may reduce or prevent the nosocomial infections caused by M catarrhalis. Cessation of smoking and prevention of passive smoking may reduce M catarrhalis infections.

What are the symptoms of Moraxella catarrhalis?

Sinus infections. M. catarrhalis sometimes also causes sinus infections. These infections are typically mistaken for a cold or allergies until the symptoms get worse. Some symptoms include discolored drainage from the nose, high fever, fatigue, swelling in the face, and pain in the forehead or behind the eyes.

What are the symptoms of Neisseria meningitidis?

Symptoms may include:

Fever and chills.
Fatigue (feeling tired)
Vomiting.
Cold hands and feet.
Severe aches or pain in the muscles, joints, chest, or abdomen (belly)
Rapid breathing.
Diarrhea.
In the later stages, a dark purple rash (see photos)

Where is Neisseria Lactamica found?

Neisseria lactamica is a common and normally harmless commensal of the upper respiratory tract found especially in young children. In the July 2006 edition of this journal, Zavascki and colleagues reported the first case of N. lactamica causing cavitatory lung disease in an adult organ transplant recipient (3).

Where is Moraxella Osloensis?

Moraxella osloensis is part of normal flora in the skin, mucus membranes and respiratory tract of humans. Infection with this organism is rare, and few cases in literature were reported.

How is Moraxella treated?

Amoxicillin-clavulanate, second- and third-generation oral cephalosporins, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) are the most recommended agents. Alternatively, azithromycin or clarithromycin can be used. More than 90% of M catarrhalis strains have been shown to resist amoxicillin, and these rates vary by region.

Is the genus Neisseria related to the family Moraxella?

Species of the family Neisseriaceae, genus Neisseria, are discussed in this chapter, along with family Moraxellaceae, species Moraxella catarrhalis, because of their biochemical and morphologic similarities.

How are Neisseria and Moraxella catarrhalis transmitted?

The two pathogenic species of Neisseria, N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis, are transmitted person to person. N. gonorrhoeae is sexually transmitted, and N. meningitidis is spread via contaminated respiratory droplets.

What is the microbiology Atlas of Neisseria species?

Neisseria Species and Moraxella catarrhalis, Atlas of Neisseria Species and Moraxella catarrhalis, MICROBIOLOGY ATLAS, SUBCLINICAL ATLAS, tuyenlab.net, atlas in medical Fig 1. Characteristics of the family and the six genera.

What is the size of a Moraxella cell?

Moraxella species. Moraxella species may be rods or cocci. The rods are often very short and plump, resembling a coccus shape and are usually 1.0 – 1.5 x 1.5 – 2.5 µm in size. Cells occur in pairs and short chains with one plane of division.