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How do you calculate sprinkler density?
Divide the number of gallons per minute by the square footage in order to determine density. For instance, if the sprinkler system within a 300-square-foot room releases 25 gallons of water per minute, perform the following equation: 25 / 300 = 0.083.
What is sprinkler design area?
A selection of a design area will dictate the design density. The design area and density ultimately tell you the amount of flow that will be required for a system to control the fire. The design area is provided in square feet (ft2) and the density is provided in gallons per minute per square foot (gpm/ft2).
What is the K factor for sprinklers?
The k-factor for a fire sprinkler is the discharge coefficient, or in normal human terms just relates to the amount of water that is permitted through the sprinkler. The k-factor is dependent upon the orifice diameter of the sprinkler – a low k-factor (such as K2.
What is an ESFR sprinkler system?
ESFR (Early Suppression Fast Response Fire Sprinkler Systems) ESFR high output, high volume systems are located in ceiling spaces as with conventional fire sprinkler systems. It incorporates very large high volume, high-pressure heads to provide the necessary protection without the need for in-rack sprinklers.
How do you calculate K-factor sprinklers?
K-Factor formula for fire sprinklers
- Q = AV.
- Q = A√(2gh)
- q = kp0.5
- k = q / p0.5
- p = ( q / k )2
- for metric calculations: p = pressure in Bar. q = flow in litre per minute. k = discharge constant Lpm/Bar0.5
- and for imperial calculation: p = pressure in psi. q = flow in gpm. k = discharge constant gpm/psi0.5
How do you calculate K-factor?
K factor is a ratio between the distance from the neutral bend line to the inside bend radius and the material thickness. K factor uses the formula K factor = δ/T.
How is the design density of a fire sprinkler system determined?
The specific design density to be used for design purposes is determined by reference to the occupancy fire hazard of the building once this is known the applicable design standard such as EN 12845, BS 9251 or NFPA 13 will have tables of occupancies from which you can find the required design density.
What is the density of a triangular sprinkler head?
For triangular spacing, the distance between sprinkler heads is the same distance between all nearest sprinklers (equilateral triangles). The head density is the number of sprinkler heads per area.
How big of an area do you need for a sprinkler system?
It is the maximum area in which the fire is controlled and/or extinguished based on testing The above two factors dictate a design density. For example an office requires a light hazard design density (i.e. 0.1 gpm per sq foot over the most remote 1500 square feet).
How are hydraulic calculations used in fire sprinkler systems?
Now we know the theory of ‘Design Density’ we can use it in are fire sprinkler hydraulic calculations to find the quantity of water required to flow from a fire sprinkler. If we know the area a sprinkler head is covering and the required design density then we can use the following formula: