Contents
What are four factors that determine toxicity level or impact on humans?
When you inhale a toxic chemical, the dose you receive depends on four factors: (1) the level (concentration) of chemical in the air; (2) how hard (fast and deep) you are breathing, which depends on your degree of physical exertion; (3) how much of the chemical that is inhaled stays in your lungs and is absorbed into …
What are the main factors that influence toxicity?
The toxicity of a substance usually depends on the following factors:
- Form and innate chemical activity.
- Dosage , especially dose -time relationship.
- Exposure route.
- Species.
- Life stage, such as infant, young adult, or elderly adult.
- Gender.
- Ability to be absorbed.
- Metabolism.
What are 4 ways that most people are exposed to toxins?
The different ways a person can come into contact with hazardous chemicals are called exposure pathways. There are three basic exposure pathways: inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact. Inhalation is breathing or inhaling into the lungs. Ingestion is taking something in by mouth.
What are the determinants of toxicity?
Nutritional and dietary factors, hormonal and health status, organ pathology, stress, and sex all affect toxicosis. Nutritional factors may directly affect the toxic agent (ie, by altering absorption) or indirectly affect the metabolic processes or availability of receptor sites.
How does age affect toxicity?
Some people view aging as a toxic process, and indeed some age-related functional changes mimic toxic processes. Aging is clearly associated with alterations in homeostasis and in organ and cellular integrity; many changes of aging resemble those induced by toxicants.
How does duration affect toxicity?
High concentrations over a long duration are more likely to produce adverse health effects than the same or lower concentration over a shorter exposure period. Example 1, Dermal exposure – an acid placed on the skin will cause more tissue destruction the longer it stays in contact with the tissues.
Which is the most common type of exposure to chemicals in the workplace?
Breathing of contaminated air is the most common way that workplace chemicals enter the body. Some chemicals, when contacted, can pass through the skin into the blood stream. The eyes may also be a route of entry.
What is the effect of toxins?
Toxins damage enzymes and thus undermine countless bodily functions—inhibiting the production of hemoglobin in the blood, for example, or lowering the body’s capacity to prevent the free-radical damage that accelerates aging. Toxins displace structural minerals, resulting in weaker bones.
How is the toxicity of a substance affected?
Toxicity of a substance can be affected by many different factors, such as the pathway of administration (whether the toxicant is applied to the skin, ingested, inhaled, injected), the time of exposure (a brief encounter or long term), the number of exposures (a single dose or multiple doses over time), the physical form of the toxicant (solid.
What is the cause-effect relationship in toxicity studies?
•The major purpose for performing acute and chronic toxicity studies is to establish a cause-effect relationship between exposure to a toxic substance and an observed effect in order to determine a safe exposure level. •A curve can be drawn that illustrates the relationship between the dose administered and the observed response.
How are other forms of toxicity are evaluated?
Animal data on other forms of toxicity are generally evaluated in the same way as carcinogenicity data, although this classification looks at hazard identification (qualitative) and dose-response relationships (quantitative) together. No risk or hazard ranking schemes similar to those used for carcinogens have been adopted.
What are the factors that can cause intoxication?
Factors that Affect Intoxication 1 Amount of Alcohol & Speed of Consumption. The more alcohol and/or the shorter the time period,… 2 Biological / Genetic Risk… 3 Ethnicity. There are heritable components of enzyme production that have been identified. 4 Gender. Males and females react to alcohol…