What is hypernasality and Hyponasality?

Hypernasality—occurs when there is sound energy in the nasal cavity during production of voiced, oral sounds. Hyponasality—occurs when there is not enough nasal resonance on nasal sounds due to a blockage in the nasopharynx or nasal cavity.

How do I find my VPI?

How is VPI diagnosed? A speech pathologist can determine whether the speech deficit is caused by VPI or another speech disorder. A nasoendoscopy is used to view palatal motion during speech and to determine the size and shape of the velopharyngeal gap.

How do you assess hypernasality and Hyponasality?

Using voiced (resonating) sounds, assess for the following:

Hypernasality—excessive nasal resonance on vowels and voiced oral consonants.
Hyponasality—too little or absent resonance on nasal consonants and adjacent vowels, especially /i/ and /u/.

What does hypernasality mean?

Hypernasality is a condition in which air flows through the nose during speech and affects the sound of the voice. It’s also called a resonance (REZ-un-nents) disorder. Resonance is the way sound vibrates as air flows through the parts of the mouth and nose when speaking.

What is oral resonance?

Resonance refers to the way airflow for speech is shaped as it passes through the oral (mouth) and nasal (nose) cavities. During speech, the goal is to have good airflow through the mouth for all speech sounds except m, n, and ng. This movement closes the velopharyngeal valve (opening between the mouth and the nose).

What is VPI in networking?

A virtual path identifier (VPI) is a data communication identifier that uniquely identifies a network path for an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) cell packet to reach its destination node. VPIs are eight- to 16-bit numeric headers in ATM cell packets.

What is VPI and VCI?

VPI—The Virtual Path Identifier is an 8- or 12-bit field used to identify paths between sites on the ATM network. It is larger on the NNI to accommodate aggregation on customer paths. • VCI—The Virtual Connection Identifier is a 16-bit field used to identify paths between individual devices on the ATM network.

What are weak pressure consonants?

When we speak, the soft palate rises to touch the back of the throat to allow us to build up pressure in our mouth for certain sounds. These sounds are called “vowels,” “nasal consonants” and “low pressure consonants.” In English, these include m, n, ng, h, l, w, y, r and all the vowel sounds.

Why are stop consonants vulnerable to oral air pressure?

These are so called “pressure consonants” which are particularly vulnerable when there is a velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD). The presence of cleft of lip affects the production of stop consonants because of the inability to build up the necessary oral air pressure.

How is an oral consonant made in speech?

An oral consonant is a consonant sound in speech that is made by allowing air to escape from the mouth, as opposed to the nose, as in a nasal consonant. To create an intended oral consonant sound, the entire mouth plays a role in modifying the air’s passageway.

How are pressure consonants used in a sentence?

The target pressure consonants were developed in several possible vowel and consonant contexts in preceding and following milieu. The developed word list, picture form, and sentence list were given to three speech language pathologists and two preschool teachers for familiarity testing. The stimuli were finalized after the familiarity testing.

Is there a deep test for pressure consonants?

The deep test using pressure consonants provides detailed information about articulation abilities of individual with CLP. The diagnostic test will be very helpful tool in diagnostic as well as therapeutic intervention. Key words: Deep test, Pressure consonant, Familiarity testing