What are the three types of post transcriptional processing?

In this section, we will discuss the three processes that make up these post- transcriptional modifications: 5′ capping, addition of the poly A tail, and splicing.

What is Sam in post transcriptional modification?

RNA methylation RNA molecules can undergo a number of post transcriptional modifications, the most prominent of which is methylation. Different classes of RNA namely mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, ncRNA all can undergo methylation using S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as the methyl donor.

What are three other post transcriptional regulatory mechanisms?

After being produced, the stability and distribution of the different transcripts is regulated (post-transcriptional regulation) by means of RNA binding protein (RBP) that control the various steps and rates controlling events such as alternative splicing, nuclear degradation (exosome), processing, nuclear export ( …

What are three ways that post translational gene regulation can be achieved?

Post-transcriptional control can occur at any stage after transcription, including RNA splicing, nuclear shuttling, and RNA stability. Once RNA is transcribed, it must be processed to create a mature RNA that is ready to be translated.

What happens during post-transcriptional processing?

Post-transcriptional modification or co-transcriptional modification is a set of biological processes common to most eukaryotic cells by which an RNA primary transcript is chemically altered following transcription from a gene to produce a mature, functional RNA molecule that can then leave the nucleus and perform any …

Do bacteria have post-transcriptional modification?

There are post-translational modifications in prokaryotes, but they are less common and mostly of a different nature. Bacteria do not have systems for N-linked or O-linked glycosylation and don’t have widespread serine and tyrosine phosphorylation, for example.

What are examples of post transcriptional regulation?

Later stages of gene expression can also be regulated, including:

RNA processing, such as splicing, capping, and poly-A tail addition.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) translation and lifetime in the cytosol.
Protein modifications, such as addition of chemical groups.

What is the example of post-transcriptional modification?

There are many types of post-transcriptional modifications achieved through a diverse class of molecular mechanisms. One example is the conversion of precursor messenger RNA transcripts into mature messenger RNA that is subsequently capable of being translated into protein.

What happens at the end of a post transcriptional modification?

Post transcriptional modification mainly includes • 5’ capping • Addition of poly A tail • Splicing 7. 5’ END CAPPING • At the end of transcription, the 5′ end of the RNA transcript contains a free triphosphate group since it was the first incorporated nucleotide in the chain.

Do you know about post transcriptional RNA processing?

Note: For the most part, post-transcriptional processing is not covered in courses such as AP Biology. For the AP, it is enough to know that mRNA is modified before leaving the cytoplasm and engaging in protein synthesis, and that these modifications include the editing out of introns, a 5′ cap, and a poly A tail.

How is gene expression regulated in RNA post translational modification?

RNA Post-Translational Modification. Overview. Gene expression can be regulated at various stages after an RNA transcript has been produced. Some transcripts can undergo alternative splicing. This regulated process makes different mRNAs and proteins from the same initial RNA transcript.

How are polypeptide chains modified after RNA synthesis?

Polypeptide chains like RNA transcripts are also modified after their synthesis. This additional processing is termed as post transcriptional modification. These types of post translational modifications are important in achieving the functional status specific to any given protein.